Clinico-prognostic implications of increased levels of soluble CD54 in the serum of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. Results of a multivariate survival analysis

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Although less specific than sCD23, sCD54 levels have clinico-prognostic relevance in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Since serological markers are now emerging as potentially important in CLL, we tried to verify whether sCD54 might complement clinical stages. METHODS: Serum levels of sCD54 were determined at the time of diagnosis in 115 previously untreated CLL patients. Results were correlated with clinicobiological parameters as well as with survival. RESULTS: Life-expectancy was significantly shorter in patients with higher serum levels of sCD54 (p < 0.001); however, in a Cox's multivariate survival analysis, the only variables which entered the regression model at a significant level were bone marrow (BM) histology (p = 0.03) and lymphocyte doubling time (LDT) (p = 0.04). Interestingly, when LDT was excluded from analysis the only significant variables were clinical stages (p < 0.05) and sCD54 (p < 0.05). These results suggest that sCD54 and LDT give similar prognostic information. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: In CLL, sCD54 is a reliable prognostic parameter whose value is independent of clinical stages. When investigated in relation to clinical outcome, serum levels of sCD54 were able to predict progression to a more advanced clinical stage. On the basis of these data, an integrated clinico-biological classification which separates intermediate risk into two prognostic subgroups is proposed.