IDH2 mutation is associated with favorable outcome among older adults with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia treated with hypomethylating agent-based therapy

Abstract

Mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) are recurrent in newly diagnosed (ND) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the prevalence increases with age. The prognostic impact of IDH mutations in AML remains controversial. IDH inhibitors generally have a favorable side effect profile, making them an attractive option for older patients. This retrospective analysis aimed to describe the prevalence and prognostic impact of IDH mutations in a large cohort of ND AML patients aged ≥60 years enrolled in the Beat AML clinical trial. A total of 1,023 patients were included. IDH mutations were detected in 28% of the patients, including 9.7% IDH1mut, 18.9% IDH2mut, and 1.0% had a mutation in IDH1 and IDH2. IDH frequently co-occurred with DNMT3A (38%), NPM1 (35%), and SRSF2 (34%). In patients treated with intensive chemotherapy, IDH mutations were not prognostic for overall survival (OS) (p=0.76), while OS was longer for patients with IDH2mut compared to IDHwt in patients treated with hypomethylating agent (HMA)-based therapy (median OS of 18.5 vs 10.2 months, p<0.001). IDH1 was not significant for outcome. IDH2 remained prognostic for OS after exclusion of patients receiving an IDH inhibitor (HR 0.60 [95% CI 0.41-0.89]). Outcome with a TP53 or myelodysplasia-related gene mutation was also better with an IDH co-mutation (p=0.043, p=0.006, respectively). In patients treated with HMA plus venetoclax (n=243), IDHmut was not prognostic (p=0.42). The high prevalence of IDHmut and favorable impact in patients treated with HMA-based therapy supports studies investigating the addition of targeted therapies to HMAbased regimens for older patients with IDH-mutant AML.