@article{Amir Osman Abdalla_Lotta Hansson_Ingrid Eriksson_Barbro Näsman-Glaser_Eva D. Rossmann_Hodjattallah Rabbani_Håkan Mellstedt_Anders Österborg_2007, place={Pavia, Italy}, title={Idiotype protein vaccination in combination with adjuvant cytokines in patients with multiple myeloma - evaluation of T-cell responses by different read-out systems}, volume={92}, url={https://haematologica.org/article/view/4285}, DOI={10.3324/haematol.10095}, abstractNote={Anti-idiotypic T cells were analyzed in myeloma patients (n=18) vaccinated with idiotypic protein together with the adjuvant cytokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and/or interleukin-12 (IL-12). In the group given IL-12/GM-CSF, 78% developed idiotype specific T cells as compared to 22% in the group given only IL-12 (proliferation/ELISPOT assays) (<em>p</em><0.05). The percentage of immune-responding patients increased when quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction assays for cytokines were included. A predominance of a Th<sub>1</sub> (IFN-γ/TNF-α) immune response was noted in the IL-12 group while a Th<sub>2</sub> (IL-5) response prevailed in the IL-12/GM-CSF group (<em>p</em&gt; = 0.053). Application of multiple read-out systems improved the characterization of the immune response.}, number={1}, journal={Haematologica}, author={Amir Osman Abdalla and Lotta Hansson and Ingrid Eriksson and Barbro Näsman-Glaser and Eva D. Rossmann and Hodjattallah Rabbani and Håkan Mellstedt and Anders Österborg}, year={2007}, month={Jan.}, pages={110-114} }